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Brain Yoga

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To Improve Your Memory, Concentration & More

Julie Lusk, M.Ed., E-RYT-500

A sharp mind and a good memory are important qualities that all of us need and want. Concentration is valuable at home, work, and while pursuing sporting, artistic and other activities.  Many of us get concerned when forgetfulness happens to us or to those close to us.  This is particularly troublesome as we age and especially if we have a family history of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease.  Try Brain Yoga!

It’s never to soon to start taking better care of your brain.  The brain, after all, is the most important and complex organ of the body.  It controls everything that goes on, physically, mentally, emotionally.

Brain Facts:  According to Piedmont Healthcare, the average adult human brain weighs three pounds.  It has a texture like firm jelly and is made up of 75 percent water. The average person has 70,000 thoughts every day.  Each time your heart beats, your arteries carry 20 to 25 percent of your blood to the brain. The harder you think, the more oxygen and fuel your brain uses from your blood – up to 50 percent. Every time you recall a memory or have a new thought, you create a connection in the brain. There are 100 billion neurons (nerve cells) in the brain, but they make up only 10 percent of the brain. These neurons branch out to 100 trillion-plus trigger points, forming what experts call a “neuron forest.”  There are 100,000 miles of blood vessels in the brain. The distance around the world at the equator is 24,900 miles.

Lifestyle factors such as good nutrition, sleep quality, stress levels, smoking habits, alcohol and drug use, and exercise can either help or hinder brain functioning.  It’s smart to wear a helmet to protect your head and brain.  Good friendships and learning new things can have a positive effect.  Yoga has much to offer.  Its benefits extend well beyond gains in flexibility, strength, coordination, and increasing physical, mental and spiritual wellness.  Yoga improves brain health.

Brain Yoga to the Rescue
Here are my suggestions for effectively improving your brain power – yoga style.

♥ Mudras / Meditation / Yoga Nidra ♥

  • Mudras are yoga positions, gestures, and seals for your hands and fingers that facilitate health, healing, psychological balance and spiritual growth. They are effective, easy to learn, practical and powerful.  Anyone can do them. Learn more about mudras here.
    • Hakini Mudra is one of my favorite hand mudras. It’s good for the brain because both hemispheres of the brain are integrated and invigorated. Using this mudra throughout the day can help clear your mind. It boosts memory, concentration, and assists problem solving. Complete and full breathing is facilitated effortlessly, giving the brain the oxygen-rich blood it needs to perform optimally.  It has a positive effect on the entire body by stimulating and harmonizing the first six energy centers (chakras).  Learn how easy the Hakini Mudra is to do here. It takes no time at all.
  • Meditation improves mental functioning. According to a study conducted at the University of Kentucky, subjects who took a late-afternoon test after meditating for 40 minutes had significantly better scores than those who fell asleep for the same period. Another study at Massachusetts General Hospital showed a beneficial thickening in the cerebral cortex that has responsibility for decision making, increased attention and improved memory. Increased activation in the left part of the frontal region was also demonstrated. This activity is associated with lower anxiety and a more positive emotional state.  Learn more here.Here are a few meditation techniques to get you started.
    • Mindfulness is the moment to moment awareness of inner and outer experience in the present time with a non-judgmental and non-evaluative stance. Research shows that a mindfulness practice helps develop all 9 functions of the Pre-Frontal Cortex.
    • Kirtan Kriya Meditation – Sa Ta Na Ma: A research study by Dharma Singh Khalsa, MD shows Kirtan Kriya increased brain development for memory, concentration and focus using a simple 12-minute meditation and yoga mudras. The Sa Ta Na Ma meditation technique can stop the mental chatter, bringing about a clear mind. It’s calming too.
  • Yoga Nidra is another highly effective method for brain-body integration. It improves memory and learning by producing specialized brain waves for maximum receptivity, increasing the ability to absorb, process and recall information.

The rotation of consciousness technique found on Yoga Nidra Essentials is especially effective. It’s simply done by mentally scanning the body using a specific order and duration based on the sensory-motor cortex, also called the homunculus.  This creates a healthy synchronization of energy throughout the brain and body.

If you look closely at the diagram of the brain’s sensory-motor cortex below, you will notice that more area is devoted to certain places than to others.  For instance, compare the relatively large amount of area dedicated to the hands and fingers with the small amount dedicated to the hips. Therefore, more time is intentionally spent scanning specific areas of the body than others during yoga nidra.

Sensory-motor cortex illustration used by permission from Yoga Nidra for Complete Relaxation & Stress Relief by Julie Lusk, New Harbinger Publications

♥ Breathing / Pranayama ♥

Your brain needs blood and oxygen to think. Twenty to 25 percent of your blood is delivered to the brain with each heartbeat. Your brain needs up to 50 percent more oxygen the harder you think.  It makes sense to oxygenate your blood supply and to use your full lung capacity by breathing deeply rather than shallowly.  Follow these instructions to improve your breathing right now.  Abdominal breathing produces increases in the “feel good” neurotransmitter serotonin as shown on EEGs.  Alpha, theta, and delta brain waves also increase.

♥ Postures / Sequences ♥

A well-rounded hatha yoga practice is ideal, especially done mindfully. Concentrate on postures that reduce physical tension to lower cortisol levels and improve circulation. Doing so helps clear the mind and calm the emotions.  Postures that strengthen legs and improve balance are highly recommended. Scientists studied leg strength and cognitive skills in twins in a 2016 study published in Gerontology. The twin with stronger legs to start demonstrated better cognitive functioning by 18% 10 years later, “even when controlling for factors including fatty diets, high blood pressure, and shaky blood-sugar control.”

  • Sequences such as the Sun Salute and Moon Salute
  • Standing postures
  • Crossovers
  • Gentle spinal twists
  • Inversions
  • Shavasana
  • Superbrain Yoga ® (with video) is a simple 3-minute technique to energize and recharge the brain. It can integrate and balance both brain hemispheres. In one study, an electroencephalograph (EEG) showed increased amplitude in the parieto-occipital region of the brain following the Superbrain Yoga. This indicates increased brain electrical activity following the exercise.  It’s great for adults and children.

♥ Mental / Emotional Strategies ♥

Guided imagery is intentional and useful daydreaming that is multi-sensory (sights, sounds, smells, etc.) and practiced while in a relaxed state.  It is used for relaxation, healing, increasing insight and intuition, making personal changes and for self-understanding.  It primarily uses the mindbody connection.  Start here.

♥ More ♥

  • Eye Exercises can benefit vision and the brain
  • Sleep Solutions – Yoga Style to combat the negative impact of insomnia and sleep deprivation
  • Multitasking is hazardous to one’s memory. Find out why and get solutions here
  • Enjoy more brain power by having more creativity and beauty in your life
  • Use the Best Yoga Mantras & Chants  for clearing useless mental chatter, lifting energy, and serving as a shield against mental and emotional disturbances

♥ Books, Audios, Workshops, Training ♥

Sources

  • Steves, C. J., Mehta, M. M., Jackson, S. H., & Spector, T. D. (n.d.). Kicking Back Cognitive Ageing: Leg Power Predicts Cognitive Ageing after Ten Years in Older Female Twins. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26551663

Julie LuskJulie Lusk, MEd, E-RYT 500, has more than 35 years of expertise in stress relief, yoga, relaxation training, guided imagery, and meditation as an international author, recording artist, and workshop leader. Julie is the author of Yoga Nidra for Complete Relaxation and Stress Relief, Yoga Meditations, two volumes of 30 Scripts for Relaxation, Imagery and Inner Healing, and Desktop Yoga®. Her audio downloads and CDs include Wholesome Relaxation, Power of Presence, Yoga Nidra Essentials, Blue Moon Rising, and many others. Learn more at WholesomeResources.com

 

Alternate Nostril Breathing: Nadi Shodhana

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Alternate nostril breathing, also called Nadi Shodhana or Nadi Suddhi, creates a sense of physical, mental, and emotional well-being. It is done by alternating nostrils while breathing. Doing so balances right and left-brain integration, promotes mental clarity, and whole brain functioning. It can relieve headaches and sinus problems. It calms emotions and fosters feelings of deep inner contentment and balance. Due to its soothing effect, it is ideal preparation for deep relaxation or meditation.

Time: 2 minutes of daily practice. Increase gradually to 10 minutes or longer

The nadis (pronounced NAH-deez) are the non-physical nerve channels within the body.  The nadis deliver prana, the life force, throughout the body.  While there are thought to be over 72,000 nadis that travel throughout the body, there are three primary ones that run along the spine.  Alternate nostril breathing balances these nadis.

  • The ida (pronounced EE-dah) is energetically to the left of the spine and is activated by the exhalation. It is associated with the receptiveness, intuition, and passivity.
  • The pingala (pronounced pin-GAH-lah) is activated by the inhalation and is energetically on the right. It is associated with activity, logic, and objectiveness.
  • The sushumna (pronounced sue-SHOOM-nah) is the central channel. It is activated by the gap between breaths. It is linked with wisdom and the balancing of our active and receptive nature.

The first step to the practice is to learn the proper hand position to aid in the alternation of the breath. Two hand positions (mudras) are offered.  Both are effective. Try them both to find out which feels easier for you. Take a few minutes to get used to switching between nostrils with the hand positions before adding the breathing patterns.

Vishnu Mudra

The first way, named Vishnu Mudra, is to take your right hand and bend your index and middle fingers toward the palm. Your thumb, ring, and pinky fingers are upright. Next, get used to gently closing your right nostril first with your thumb, and then release the thumb and close your left nostril with the ring finger of your right hand. Switch back and forth until it feels smooth.

 

Nasagra Mudra

Nasagra Mudra is another hand position that can be used. Begin by making the peace sign with your right hand. Next, bring your pointer and middle fingers together and then release your thumb. Place the pads of your index and middle fingers in the center of your forehead or between your eyebrows and then use your thumb and the knuckle of your ring finger to alternately close and release your nostrils.

 

The rhythm of the inhalation to the exhalation is usually uneven at first.  With practice, it will smooth out so they become equal in length. When this is easy for you, begin slowing the exhalation down so that it becomes longer than the inhalation until eventually the exhalation is about twice as long as your inhalation.   More breathing ratios are below.  Maintain alertness of your breath instead of breathing mechanically.

Process

While either hand position can be used, the Vishnu Mudra is used to describe the pattern for the sake of clarity. The pattern alternates nostrils after each inhalation like this:  Exhale – inhale / change nostril / exhale – inhale / change nostril, etc.

Here’s how to practice one round of alternate nostril breathing:

  • Come into a comfortable seated position with your spine erect.
  • Form your fingers of your right hand into Vishnu Mudra by curling your index and middle fingers into your palm, straighten the ring and little fingers, and place your thumb against your right nostril.
    1.  Gently exhale and then inhale through your left nostril.
    2. Close the left nostril with the ring finger.
    3. Release the thumb. Gently exhale and then inhale through the right nostril.
    4. Close that nostril with the thumb and continue with step 1.
  • In other words, repetition is done by alternating nostrils after each inhalation.
  • Begin practicing for two minutes and gradually, very gradually, increase to ten minutes.  Avoid strain or force.

Breathing Ratio Variations for alternate nostril breathing:  Take your time with these ratios.  Never rush.  Do not force or strain.  Do not use breath retention if you have hypertension or other cardiac conditions.

The examples given are to the count of 4. This can be adjusted to 3, 4, 5 or 6 depending upon your comfort level. Count by silently saying Om 1, Om 2, Om 3, Om 4, etc.

  • Ratio of 1:1 – Develop breath control so that the inhalation and the exhalation are exactly the same length of time. Inhale for the count of 4. Exhale for 4. . Do not proceed until perfected.
  • Ratio of 1:2 – Double the length of the exhalation. Inhale for the count of 4. Exhale for 8. Do not proceed until perfected.
  • Ratio of 1:2:2 – Addition of breath retention. Inhale to the count of 4. Hold the breath for 8. Exhale for 8. Do not proceed until perfected.
  • Ratio of 1:4:2 – Inhale to the count of 4. Hold 16. Exhale 8. Do not proceed until perfected.
  • Ratio of 1:4:2:3 – Inhale 4. Hold 16. Exhale 8. Hold the exhalation 12. Do not proceed until perfected.

Note:  Alternate Nostril Breathing was adapted and reprinted with permission from Julie Lusk’s books

What is Golden Repair Kintsugi or Kintsukuroi

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What is Golden Repair Kintsugi or Kintsukuroi      

These Japanese Words mean Golden Repair

Kintsugi (金継ぎ) or Kintsukuroi (金繕い) 

“Kin” is translated as Golden

“tsugi” means Repair

Kintsugi or Kintsukuroi prizes imperfection. It is the art of restoring broken pottery with gold so the fractures are literally illuminated, capturing a kind of physical expression of its spirit.

“As a philosophy, kintsukuroi, celebrates imperfections as an integral part of the story, not something to be disguised.  The true life of an object (or a person) begins the moment it breaks and reveals.that it is vulnerable,” says Georgia Pelligrini.

This technique suggests many things. Maybe we should think twice before throwing away broken objects.  Perhaps, we should try to repair things rather than assume it is no longer useful. It may sometimes become a more valuable object.

This is the essence of resilience. Each of us can look for a way to cope with traumatic events in a positive way, learn from negative experiences to take the best from them and convince ourselves that every experience makes each person unique and even more precious.

Pictured are a few golden repairs that I have done.  Doing kintsugi gave me welcome relief when a few things that held sentimental value to me were better than before.

Inspired by Georgia Pelligrini, Steffano Carnazzi, Leggi L’Articolo, and Beth Owens

Here’s a little more background on Kintsugi with
instructions on how to make your own ceramic golden repairs  

 

Many thanks to Imaginative Crafts, Do-It-Yourself Projects and Video Tutorials by Robert Mahar, robert-mahar.com

Materials:
Broken pottery
Clear two-part epoxy
Mica Powder

Directions:
1. Following the manufacturer’s instructions, dispense a small amount of the clear two-part epoxy into a disposable tray.

2. Scoop a small amount of the mica powder onto the epoxy and stir thoroughly to combine.

3. Using a toothpick or sandwich pick, generously spread the epoxy along one edge of the broken pottery seam.

4. Align the two pieces of pottery and press together. Hold in place until the epoxy sets. Allow epoxy to fully cure before using.

Sleep Solutions – Yoga Style

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How’s Your Sleep?

Are you getting enough sleep?  Are you tired of being tired?  Could you be suffering from sleep deprivation?  Well, you’re not alone.  Most of us don’t get enough sleep.  I don’t know about you, but it’s just irresistible to stay up late, even when I must get up early the next day.

Our busy lives make it so tempting to skimp on sleep.  Lots of us have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep.  Have you ever felt half-awake and half-asleep all night, here’s an explanation of why that happens with suggestions to help.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends 7 hours of sleep in every 24 hours for adults. It’s nine to 12 hours for children 6 to 12 years old and teens need eight to 10 hours daily on a regular basis.  Establishing good sleep hygiene habits are important to getting a full night’s sleep.

Benefits of Sleep

Getting enough sleep helps normalize mood, improves concentration, memory consolidation, and helps pain management.  It improves performance and lowers the risk of having an accident. Sleep is good for your skin and your sex drive.  It lowers cortisol, the stress hormone, resulting in better appetite control and weight loss.  Getting enough sleep helps regulate glucose levels, supports heart-health and contributes to a healthy immunity.  Recent NIH research reveals that sleep is needed to remove the daily buildup of waste and neurotoxins from the brain. Researchers are very interested in this since these neurotoxins are elevated in Alzheimer’s patients.  It is thought that the glymphatic system rinses and flushes these neurotoxic molecules from the brain nightly during deep sleep. This clearing process seems to be more effective when sleeping on one’s side, according to a study conducted at the University of Rochester Medical Center.  Here’s more information on side-sleeping.

Sleep Solutions – Yoga Style

The art and science of yoga has plenty to offer including postures, breathing techniques, meditation practices, and lifestyle recommendations for sleep improvement.  To further ease one’s mind, yoga’s wisdom teachings are helpful for gaining a healthy perspective on everything from handling life’s ups and downs to living with more meaning and purpose.  Furthermore, it addresses age-old questions like “Who am I?” and “What is my true nature?”

Students often say that they get their best sleep on the nights they attend yoga class.  Having a regular personal home practice is ideal.  Here are some of the many ways that yoga supports healthy sleep.

  • Yoga Postures: A vigorous practice is fine early in the day.  However, start winding down the evening with a practice that focuses on slow, mindful movements.  Focus your attention on postures that reduce physical tension.  Doing so has the added benefit of calming the mind and emotions.  Good ones to try include the child pose, gentle spinal twists, legs up the wall, and shavasana.  Restorative yoga works wonders as well.
  • Yoga Breathing: The Triangle Breath is a favorite for balancing oneself and is described in my book, Yoga Nidra for Complete Relaxation and Stress Relief (NHP, pg. 175).  It is effective for increasing your energy when feeling tired, calming your nerves when feeling anxious, and promotes sound sleep.  There are three parts to triangle breathing.  The important thing is for the exhalation, inhalation, and the retention to be equal in duration. Therefore, adjust the rate of counting to four more quickly or more slowly depending on your lung capacity and comfort.  Breathe through your nose; only use your mouth for breathing to the extent necessary.

Part 1 – Breathe out through your nose to the count of four.

Part 2 – Breathe in through your nose to the count of four.

Part 3 – Hold your breath to the count of four.

Repeat the whole process for a few minutes or until the desired effect happens.

  • Yoga Nidra: Yoga nidra means “yogic sleep” and has many documented benefits for your body, mind, and spirit. It happens when your bodymind is in deep sleep but with one big difference – you remain consciously aware.  How?  A series of techniques are used systematically to relax physically, energetically, mentally, and emotionally.  Yoga nidra awakens intuition, unconditional joy, and a timeless, spacious sense of being.  Get more on the stages of yoga nidra and how to practice it here.

Yoga nidra can also be used as a natural sleep aid at bedtime.  It eliminates layer after layer of tension and stress, allowing you to drift comfortably off to sleep and stay asleep. It’s like drinking a cup of comfort.  More on this here.

Watch this short video on how yoga nidra helped her insomnia.

One hour of yoga nidra practice approximates four hours of sleep. This is due to the series of brain wave states experienced during yoga nidra (Saraswati 1998, Kumar 2008).   Therefore, yoga nidra can help address sleep deprivation and renew your energy.  The conscious experience of deep sleep is what makes it so restorative and unique.  Due to the fertile brainwave states experienced, it’s also entirely possible to make positive behavior and personality changes. See the yoga nidra FAQ on setting intentions and sankalpas here.  Remember, yoga nidra is not intended to be a substitute for sleep.

How to Experience Yoga Nidra:  

Like all worthwhile things, regular practice yields the best results.  It’s as easy as 1-2-3.

  1. Listen to Yoga Nidra: Guided Meditations for Relaxation and Renewal (Health Journeys, 2016) or similar recordings. Read about it and get free audio downloads in Yoga Nidra for Complete Relaxation and Stress Relief (New Harbinger, 2015).
  2. Go to a yoga nidra workshop or retreat here.
  3. Take a yoga nidra teacher training course and earn a certificate here.

Sweet Dreams!

Julie Lusk

 

Julie Lusk, MEd, E-RYT 500, has more than 35 years of expertise in stress relief, yoga, relaxation training, guided imagery, and meditation as an international author, recording artist, and workshop leader. Julie is the author of Yoga Nidra for Complete Relaxation and Stress Relief, Yoga Meditations, two volumes of 30 Scripts for Relaxation, Imagery and Inner Healing, and Desktop Yoga®. Her audio downoads and CDs include Wholesome Relaxation, Power of Presence, Blue Moon Rising, and many others. Learn more at WholesomeResources.com

The 4 Keys to Happiness

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The one thing we all have in common is to find happiness.  Here are the 4 keys to unlock happiness.  They are from Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra 1.33.

The 4 Keys to Happiness

~ Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras 1.33 ~

The mind becomes peaceful and free when the qualities of the heart are cultivated.

These qualities are:

​​​     Friendship toward the joyful,

     Compassion toward the suffering,

     Happiness toward the pure, and

     Undisturbed toward the impure.

Sri Swami Satchidananda helps us better understand what Patanjali is conveying in his booklet, Integral Yoga: The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (Pocket Edition).  On pages 16-19, he writes:

“Whether you are interested in reaching samadhi or plan to ignore Yoga entirely, I would advise you to remember at least this one Sutra.  It will be very helpful to you in keeping a peaceful mind in your daily life.  In my own experience, this Sutra became my guiding light to keep my mind serene always.

Patanjali gives us four keys: friendliness, compassion, delight, and disregard.  There are only four kinds of locks in the world.  Keep these four keys always with you and when you come across any one of these four locks you will have the proper key to open it.

When you see a happy person, use the “friendliness” key.  Why should Patanjali say this?  Because even four thousand years ago there must have been people who were not happy at seeing others happy.  It is still the same way.  Suppose somebody drives up in a big car, parks in front of his huge palatial home and gets out.  Some other people are standing on the pavement in the hot sun getting tired.  How many of those people will be happy?  Not many.  They will be saying, “See that big car?  He is sucking the blood of the laborers.”  We come across people like that.  They are always jealous.  When a person get name, fame. or high position, they try to criticize him.  “Oh, don’t you know, his mother is so-and-so; she must have pulled some strings somewhere.”  They will never admit that he might have gone up by his own merit.  By that jealousy, you won’t disturb him, but you will disturb your own serenity.  He simply got out of the car and walked into the house, but you are burning up inside.  Instead, think, “Oh, such a fortunate man.  If everybody were like that how happy the world would be.  May God bless everybody to have such comfort.  I will also get that one day.”

Make him your friend.  That response is missed in many cases, not only between individuals but even among nations.  When some nation is prospering, the neighboring country is jealous of it and wants to ruin its economy.  So we should always have the key of friendliness when we see happy people.

And what of the next lock, the unhappy people?  “Well, Swami said everybody has his or her own karma.  This person must have done some wretched thing in her last birth.  Let her suffer now.”  That should not be our attitude.  Maybe someone is suffering from previous bad karma, but we should have compassion.  If you can lend a helping hand, do it.  If you can share half of your loaf, share it.  Be merciful always.  By doing that, you will retain the peace and poise of your mind.  Remember our goal is to keep serenity of our minds.  Whether our mercy is going to help that person or not, by our own feeling of mercy, at least we are helped.

Then comes the third kind, the virtuous people.  When you see a virtuous person, feel delighted.  “Oh, how great he is.  He must be my hero.  I should imitate his great qualities.”  Don’t envy the person; don’t try to pull him or her down.  Appreciate virtuous qualities in that person and try to cultivate them in your own life.

Lastly, the wicked.  We come across wicked people sometimes.  We can’t deny that.  So what should be our attitude?  Indifference.  “Well, some people are like that.  Probably I was like that yesterday.  Am I not a better person now?  He will probably be alright tomorrow.”  Don’t try to advise him because wicked people seldom take advice.  If you try to advise them you will lose your peace.”

Or that calm is retained by the controlled exhalation or retention of the breath.  Yoga Sutra 1.34

Or the concentration on subtle sense perceptions can cause steadiness of mind.  Yoga Sutra 1.35

Or by concentrating on the supreme ever-blissful Light within.  Yoga Sutra 1.36

Integral Yoga: The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (Pocket Edition).  Translation and Commentary by Sri Swami Satchidananda.  Integral Yoga ® Publications. Buckingham, VA. 1985

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